Suleiman

=** Suleiman the Magnificent **=

The religion of Islam is a powerful thing; over the years, it has had the ability to bring people together from all over the world. Founded by Muhammad in the year 620 AD, Islam is a religion that has had a great deal of power during its lifetime. One leader who maximized this to level perhaps never seen before was Suleiman the Magnificent, also known as Suleiman the Lawgiver. He ruled from 1520-1566, the year of his death, and was the longest reining sultan of the Ottoman Empire. His many architectural, artistic, legislative and military achievements were an important part of the empire's success. They were also important because they must have made people want to become Muslims more, due to the empire's success and good leadership; therefore, his achievements helped spread Islam. Some of Suleiman's most impressive accomplishments still remain today, and are proof of the greatness he left behind. These include his two masterpiece mosques, the Suleymaniye and the Selimiye. The emperor Sulieman was a successful ruler who was respected and his people followed him and also his religion of Islam.
 * __Introduction [[image:http://www.paradoxplace.com/Insights/Topkapi/Ottoman_Images/Suleiman/Titians-Suleiman-BAR600.jpg width="299" height="343" align="right" caption="Suleiman the Magnificent"]]__**

Suleiman the Magnificent, who is also known as Suleiman the Lawgiver but was originally known as simply Suleiman I was born in 1494 on November 4th. He was born in Trazbon, a city located in Turkey along the Black Sea. As a child, he grew up accustomed to royal treatment, as he was the only son of Selim I, an emperor who was known for being the first Ottoman Sultan to become Caliph of Islam. His mother was Ayse Hafsa Sultan. At a young age, Suleiman was a devoted scholar, and studied many things at the Istanbul palace, such as theology, military technique and history. He also had a deep admiration for Alexander the Great, whose conquests he would later attempt to recreate. Although little is known about Suleiman's early life, it is known that by age sixteen, Suleiman was governing several provinces and cities around the empire, such as the Crimean city of Kaffa, located on the Black Sea; Sarukhan, located in modern-day Armenia; and Edirne, a city in western Turkey. Sometime during this period of his life, Suleiman met Damat Ibrahim Pasha, a slave who would one day become one of his closest advisers. While his father Selim was still ruling, the Ottoman Empire gained control of Syria, Palestine, and Egypt, and was at the height of its power; however, Selim was known as a cruel ruler. Suleiman gained control over the vast empire after his father's death in 1520, and would soon earn a very different reputation as the 10th Ottoman Sultan. When this occured, Suleiman was still only 25. This marked the beginning of Suleiman the Magnificent's rule, and the Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire.
 * __Early Life__**

Suleiman is known for being the Ottoman Emperor to expand his empire to its maximum borders. His father, Selim I, was known for having made some important military campaigns. After Selim, Suleiman continued his father's expansion. Suleiman's military activity was part due to the nature of the state. Without the raiding, as the Sultan is said to have realized, the Janissaries didn't have a lot of income and political outlets for their energies. But the first of his big military moves was against Belgrade. Belgrade was captured on August 29, 1521. The next battle Suleiman fought was against the knights of St. John, who had long protected the Christian pirates who harassed the sea lanes to Egypt. Suleiman invaded and after a bloody six months, they took it over. Although they controlled it, the inhabitants that did not want to leave were given full civil rights and 5-year remission of taxes. As good at conquering Suleiman was, he had a loving heart. He fell in love with a slave and legally made her his wife. Afterwords, in 1526, he raided Turkey. An additional event that occured after that was in May of 1529, when he was in the Danubian area helping the Transylvanian duke, John Zapolya. It was then when he launched his famous siege in Vienna. Suleiman's fifth campaign was against emporer Charles V in 1532. After that minor success, the wars moved east. Meanwhile, his foe, Shah Tahmasp, reoccupied many of his conquered territories. This meant that Suleiman needed to go and fight. That lead to the sack of Tabriz in 1536. Austrian treaty violations, however, led to Turkish acquisition of Temesvar in 1552. In spite of this, Suleiman did not participate in that battle. He was still looking for his enemy, Shah Tahmasp. After Mustafa commited suicide and his other son, Suleiman's favorite, Mehmed died, he was left with Roxelana's son. After both his sons died, he contiued the war with Tahmasp. Suleiman took the border back in 1555. Suleiman's final campaign was against Hungary. His forces besieged and took the last non-Turkish fortress, Sziget, in 1566. Those are all of Suleiman's battles/campaigns/wars and as you can see, he is very powerful and accomplished many, many great things.
 * __Military Campaigns__**

Suleiman’s reign began during the period of time in the Ottoman empire when many cultural advancements and achievements were happening. Suleiman was a religiously tolerant ruler and his emphasis on culture became an important part of the empire. The Mosque of Suleiman, which he constructed, is considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings built during the Ottoman empire. It has a basilica, which is a non-Islamic type of architecture, but it also has Islamic minarets and balconies. Sulieman tried to turn Istanbul into the center of Islamic culture and faith. Many of his projects including buildings, bridges, mosques, palaces and other establishments would gain the empire wealth and contribute to Suleiman’s cultural goal. Suleiman promoted art and architecture, shown by his creations of mosques as well as other important buildings and pieces of art. His reign was called a “golden age” where there was much economic growth as well as achievements in arts like calligraphy. Craftsmen and artists were becoming more well-respected and after apprenticeship, when they could advance in their rank and wages. Painters, book binders, furriers, jewelers and goldsmiths were some of the types of artists and culturally advanced people. Suleiman was also a gifted poet as well as a successful ruler. His poetry was written in both Persian and Turkish, and verses from some of his most famous poems have become famous proverbs. These achievements are proof of how Suleiman was a successful ruler and how the cultural aspects of his reign were important to his empire as a whole.
 * __Cultural Achievements__**



Suleiman was also known as Suleiman the Lawgiver, because he was a powerful and intelligent governor who studied Islamic law and renovated it to be more efficient and successful. Suleiman had absolute power but used it only for good by helping his people in the empire. He hired subordinates for their ablities, instead of for their rank or wealth. Suleiman was a fair and just governor, and he really had to be, because he owned an empire stretching from Vienna to Tabriz. To make the Ottomans stronger and more united, he devised a new code of law called "the Single Legal Code" which applied to all of the empire. With one legal system it was much easier for Suleiman to control his people. The Ottoman Empire was very diverse, because it covered most of the Mediterranean and many other areas. Suleiman set local people of the lands he conquered to govern those particular areas. He also let the people practice their own religions and customs, because he believed in religious tolerance. By doing this, he also made everyone equal. Before, Jews and Christians were treated as serfs; Suleiman made them equal to everyone else in importance with a law called the "Code of Rayas". Suleiman taxed his people equally, and no one had more or less taxes to pay than anyone else. He believed that this was the fair thing to do. With these new laws, Suleiman really pushed for good education for the empire's children. He built many schools, and had the schools all attached to mosques, because he thought that religion and learning should be connected. Suleiman also made every Muslim boy able to have a free eduction. When making these laws, he couldn't change Shariah, which is basically Islamic law that is secular but Muslims believe has a deeper and more sacred meaning. However, he could add to it. Suleiman restated the laws retaining to criminal acts such as murder and land ownership. Therefore, through his many legislative reforms, Suleiman changed many things about the Ottoman Empire, and in many ways made it more fair and successful.
 * __Legislative Reforms__**

The emperor Suleiman was very successful in expanding his empire and leading the Islamic poeple in their faith. His rule was important to the Muslims in that he increased the empire's miltary, political and economic power. His reign became known as a part of the Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire for many reasons. For one, the campaigns he and his army made in places like Serbia, Egypt and Turkey were great for the Ottoman Empire, as they made it much more powerful and prosperous. Additionaly, Suleiman paid attention to culture within the empire. From the great buildings he constructed such as the Mosque of Suleiman, to the advancement of artisans that he encouraged and even the poetry he wrote, Suleiman made the Ottomans a much more complete empire with his attention to detail. Thirdly, the legislative reforms Suleiman made were immeasurably important to his empire, as they united it and made life for everyone, even non-muslims, fair. Achievements such as these are the reason that Suleiman was known by many as the most prominent monarch of the 16th century. It is also impressive to know that, even with all his other achievements, Suleiman the Magnificent is known as being a kind and intelligent leader who really cared about his people; Islam is known so negatively in today's world, but people like Suleiman show that it is really meant to be positive. Without Suleiman, the religion of Islam would not have grown so quickly in the empire. Suleiman's reign was a great contribution to the religion's vast growth. And, because of people like him, Islam today is the world's fastest growing religion. Therefore, in this way, "The Magnificent" is truly a proper addition to the name of an emporer who made un-matched improvements to his empire that will never be forgotten.
 * __Conclusion__**




 * __Sources:__**

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Marinda H - A Period (Early Life) Robbie D - B Period (Military Campaigns) Delaney L - D Period (Cultural Achievements) Nicholas K - F Period (Legislative Reforms)

__​Subtopic Ideas__:


 * **early life**
 * **military achievements**
 * **cultural achievements**
 * **legislative reforms**

__Notes__: 1 Address: http://www.nndb.com/people/916/000092640/ Info: - conquered many territories - "united qualities of predecessors" and took advantage of the talents of his workers/generals/advisers - reformed and improved administration of the empire (civil and military) - nationality is turkey - had no rival worthy of his name - succeed to his father-Selim i

2 Address: http://www.paradoxplace.com/Insights/Topkapi/Suleiman%20Topkapi%20Ottomans.htm Info: - expanded Ottoman Empire to maximum borders - developed legal system which codified rights of all citizens in his domain - promoted art and architecture

3 Address: http://www.allaboutturkey.com/suleyman.htm Info: - ruled for 46 years, doubled territory of the empire - constructed many new buildings, improved the layout of Istanbul - transformed army and judicial system

4 Address: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/suly/hd_suly.htm Info: - by end of his reign, Ottoman Empire extended over a large portion of Europe, Asia and Africa - reign was a "golden age" in which expansion, trade, economic growth and cultural achievement occured, especially in the arts of calligraphy, etc. - Suleyman "commisioned repairs and additions" to major historical monuments

5 Address: http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/196402/.suleiman.the.lawgiver..htm Info: - became "leading sovereign of the 16th century" - formed alliance with Francis I of France during France/Spain war - Mosque of Suleiman is considered to be one of the most beautiful Ottoman buildings, showing bascilica architecture but Islamic minarets and balconies

6 Address: [] Info: - known for reputation of being a lawgiver - had set of laws called Kanun - allowed many religions, religiously tolerant

7 Address: [] Info: -1520-1566 - his fleet was the most powerful in the mediterranean sea - conquered tripoli in north africa - he died during the siege of Szigeth in his war with Austria.

8 Address: [] Info: - Sultan of Turkey - had the Ottoman empire - responsible for a poliferration of art and literature that is greatly valued even today

9 Address: [] Info: - defeated Louis II of Hungary at the Battle of Mohács - dispatched an armada of four hundred ships while he lead 100,000 troops across asia minor to the oopposite side - born in trabzon

Delaney L D period

10.) Address-www.nndb.com/people info- -known as the "magnificent" -inherited well-organized country from father -reformed and improved civil and military aspects

11.) Address-www.wsu.edu info- -vast cultural and architectural projects in constaninople -military strategist=expanded empire east and west -cultivation of arts, wrote poetry

12.) Address-www.newworldencyclopedia.org info- -conccerned about justice -codified law to guard against corruption -early studies of science, history, literature, theology, and military techniques 13.) Address- www.experiencefestival.com/**suleiman_the_magnificent**_-_cultural_ **achievements** info- -tenth and longest reigning sultan of the ottoman empire -1520-1566 -known in west= suleiman the magnificent -known in east- lawmaker becasue he reconstructed the ottoman legal system -instituted legislative changes relating to society, education, taxation and criminal law -canonical law= form of law even years after his death -poet and goldsmith, great patron of culture -married Roxelana became queen -son, Selim II, succeeded suleiman in 1566

my ideas!!!


 * so, i think we should write our introduction about like why he is called the magnificent and we can talk about like an over view of all his achievements and suchhhh. also, for subtopic ideas, i was thinking aboutttt....

-military acheivements -cultural stuff, like we can talk about his poetry and lawmaking -early life and stuff


 * and then obviously we can write our sources at the bottom
 * also pictures tht we can think about later

__**Messages**__

hey guys, this is going to be a realy good project and we are going to get a really good grade, okayyy?? i wrote my ideas above and we can keep brainstorming and stuff and lets start to combine ideas and think more about subtopics so we have lots of info on each of them. Lets decide on our subtopics and start writing the paragraphs. we can always use extra information in the introduction.

sinceerley Delaney, your bestest friend ever

great job so far but we still need more detailed facts- nick keefe

(this is from marinda) okay guys good job with the ideas about the subtopics. I added a couple, and so i think it would work well if we did: early life, military achievements, cultural achievements and legislative reforms, because those are some topics that i think have lots of info I am going to start by working on early life, because that i think would come first in the article I don't think i'll finish today because some of the period has already gone by, but it would be great if you guys could split up the other subtopics and start writing those, then we can finish soon and start writing the intro and conclusion, and then do the pictures good luck!!!!

(I'll start writing the paragraph below) Marinda-Early life Robbie-military achievements Delaney- cultural achievements Nick- legislative reforms


 * __Messages:__**

hey guys, this is going to be a realy good project and we are going to get a really good grade, okayyy?? i wrote my ideas above and we can keep brainstorming and stuff and lets start to combine ideas and think more about subtopics so we have lots of info on each of them. Lets decide on our subtopics and start writing the paragraphs. we can always use extra information in the introduction.

sinceerley Delaney, your bestest friend ever

great job so far but we still need more detailed facts- nick keefe

(this is from marinda) okay guys good job with the ideas about the subtopics. I added a couple, and so i think it would work well if we did: early life, military achievements, cultural achievements and legislative reforms, because those are some topics that i think have lots of info I am going to start by working on early life, because that i think would come first in the article I don't think i'll finish today because some of the period has already gone by, but it would be great if you guys could split up the other subtopics and start writing those, then we can finish soon and start writing the intro and conclusion, and then do the pictures good luck!!!!

(I'll start writing the paragraph below) Marinda-Early life Robbie-military achievements Delaney- either cultural achievements or legislative reforms Nick- either cultural achievements or legislative reforms

sorry i know i didn't get a lot done but I'm going to finish it for homework so no worries! you guys just move onto the next paragraph and tommorrow i'll have the first subtopic ready to be edited and ill start the intro. just keep in mind that this is probs due on thurs so if you don't finish you may want to work on it for hw too sorry just keepin it real here so, like I said. I will have the first subtopic done for tomorrow, so don't work on mine beause i will finish it whoever is in B period just start the next subtopic, which is either the military one, cultural one or legislative but whatever you do please dont finish my paragraoh cause ill do that tonight thanks!

The paragraph about his military achievements is finished. All of the info that is needed is in there. The last two topics are cultural achievements and legislative reforms. good luck with your topics! (we WILL get a good grade) So basically whoever comes in next, gets the next pick and the last one to come in is stuck with the one that didn't get picked. -robbie (read the note above if you didn't already.) (from marinda)

okaay guys, so i am going to start writing my paragraph on cultural achievements. Nick, you can write your paragraph on legislative reforms. Also, make sure that anyone who doesnt finish willl have to do it tonigth for homewor (including me) so that we can get it all done soon. After our subtopics are written lets write the intro, the conclusion and start revising everything. Great work robbie on ur paragraph and marinda too, this is going to be an excellent wiki. Anyone who wants to look for pictures can do that tomorrow during class. i will start writing now. bii!!! good luck everyone!!

FROM DELANEYYYY good job so far, i made notes for legaslative reforms and will make it into a paragraoph for homework.

okay, now i finished my paragraph but everyone has to make sure tht by tonight, we have all our subtopics written. t

Tomorrow our goals should be
 * write intro
 * write conclusion
 * find pictures
 * revise/edit all work

bii guys, good luckkk!!!

hey guyyys! so i was reading robbie's paragraph about military (which is really good btw!!) and i was just thinkin that maybe we should rename it "military endevours" or "campaigns", because its more about what he did than any achievements he had let me know what you think! - Marinda

here are some pics that i found of suleiman: Suleiman's tughra, which is a seal of the Ottoman sultan



We can use these or not; I just thought it would be good to give a few suggestions - Marinda


 * __Messages:__**

hey i was just reading robbie's paragraph and I have a small suggestion: you don't really have to mention suleiman's birthdate, or fact that he was the tenth sultan, or that he was the only son of Selim. it is mentioned earlier so it is a little bit repetitive, even though it does serve as a good opener for the paragraph. so you might want to consider changing the beginning a little just so as not to be repetitive good job though! - marinda

hey guys so i thought it would be easier to get all the sources together if we put them at the bottom, then we could copy them from there and paste them into the final wiki try to keep this at the bottom if you can and all in one place, just to make things easier! - Marinda

=2/24 hi i finished my paragraph and got some pictures a couple of the pictures we all got dont show up on the school computers so i deleted them. Robbie if you can do the into or the conclusion than we'll only need to check and revise our subtopic paragraphs-Nick=
 * Alright guys, AWESOME JOB on our paragraphs!!!! they are all written and stuff, so we are awesomee!!! good job with the pix and putting the sources at the bottom!! right now i am going to work on the intro and conclusion paragraphs. Robbie, and Marinda, if u guys could proofread all the paragraphs and add stuff if necesary then that would be great. Nick, great job on your paragraph and on the pictures. idk if we have tomorrow to work on this too, but i think as long as we can edit all the paragraphs, then i think we are good. we are gonna get an awesomee gradee!!!!!!!! Good idea marinda, if you or Robbie wants to change that today, i think it would be a good idea, but i havent read it yet. I wrote the intro and conclusion, but you can add in more facts or whatever you think should be in it. BTW::: i am not sure why my paragraph is in like a smaller font :-( if any one wants to change that they can, i dnt know why it is like that. Gracias!!! and ive been meaning to say this the past for days, but RObbie, ur last name is suppaaa cool!!!! also, we need at least one picture for each paragraph, so if Marinda and Robbie can find and organize pictures for these topics then we will be in good shape. SOo, **

you can work on...
 * editing all six paragraphs
 * finding specific pix/organizing the ones we already have

I organized our messages, btw.

okayy, biiiee!!! happy writing and proofreadingg!!!

frommm delaneyy

-~robbie

okay got it its at the top now sorry i was just trying to make it neater but i agree your way works better :) - marinda

__**

Sources: [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] and remember keep it at da bottom 2 make it easier for everyone!
 * these are all the sources that we have so far; if you use any new ones, please add them and remember to use the specific URL